QJM Advance Access published online on April 8, 2009
QJM, doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcp014
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When I use a word ... Fulsomely banning compendious
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Be sure that you go to the author to get at his meaning, not to find yours.
John Ruskin, Sesame and Lilies, 1865
Words change their meanings as language evolves. Take ban. It comes from the hypothetical Indo-European root BHA, to speak. In Greek BHA became 
(PHA), giving
(phasis, speech),
(ph
n
, sound) and
(ph
m
, voice).
Polyphemus had perhaps a lot to say, a loud voice, or a wide reputation (fame). Phemius was Odysseus's renowned minstrel. Other derivatives include blasphemy and euphemism. Dysphasia and paraphasia are disorders of speech, and phatic utterances communicate feelings rather than ideas. Gramophones, telephones, megaphones and microphones convey sounds in their different ways, and a phoneme is