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QJM Advance Access published online on January 20, 2007
QJM, doi:10.1093/qjmed/hcm003
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© The Author 2007. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: journals.permissions@oxfordjournals.org

Liver unit admission following paracetamol overdose with concentrations below current UK treatment thresholds

C. Beer1, N. Pakravan3, M. Hudson2, L.T. Smith2, K. Simpson4, D.N. Bateman3 and S.H.L. Thomas1

From the 1Wolfson Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, School of Clinical and Laboratory Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne, 2Liver Unit, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, and 3Scottish Poisons Information Bureau and 4Scottish Liver Transplant Unit, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK

Address correspondence to S.H.L. Thomas, Wolfson Unit of Clinical Pharmacology, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH. email: simon.thomas{at}ncl.ac.uk

Received 16 June 2006 and in revised form 6 November 2006


  Abstract

Background: It has been suggested that current UK thresholds for treating paracetamol overdose should be reduced, following case reports of patients developing fatal liver failure after presenting with paracetamol concentrations below these thresholds.

Aim: To determine the frequency of severe liver dysfunction following paracetamol overdose when paracetamol concentrations are below current UK antidote thresholds.

Design: Retrospective case note review.

Methods: Details were collected from all patients admitted to liver transplant units in Newcastle and Edinburgh with paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity.

Results: Of 696 patients admitted to the two liver units following paracetamol overdose, 14 presented between 4 and 15 h after overdose with paracetamol concentrations below current UK treatment thresholds (estimated annual population rate 0.15/million person-years). Over the period of study, >100 000 presentations with paracetamol overdose would be expected in the catchment populations for these liver units.

Discussion: In view of the rarity of this event, this research does not suggest a need to lower the current thresholds for antidotal treatment.


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