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Q J Med 1999; 92: 39-45
© 1999 Association of Physicians

Plasma chain-breaking antioxidants in Alzheimer's disease, vascular dementia and Parkinson's disease

C.J. Foy, A.P. Passmore, M.D. Vahidassr, I.S. Young1 and J.T. Lawson2

From the Departments of Geriatric Medicine and 1 Clinical Chemistry, The Queen's University of Belfast, and 2 Department of Radiology, Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, UK

Received 15 July 1998 and in revised form 19 October 1998

We studied the plasma chain-breaking antioxidants {alpha} carotene, ß carotene, lycopene, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin E and a measure of total antioxidant capacity, TAC, in 79 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD), 37 patients with vascular dementia (VaD), 18 patients with Parkinson's disease and dementia (PDem), and 58 matching controls, together with 41 patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and 41 matching controls. Significant reductions in individual antioxidants were observed in all dementia groups. When compared to controls, the following were reduced: Vitamin A in AD (p<0.01) and VaD (p<0.001); Vitamin C in AD (p<0.001), VaD (p<0.001) and PDem (p<0.01); Vitamin E in AD (p<0.01) and VaD (p<0.001); ß carotene in VaD (p=0.01); lycopene in PDem (p<0.001). Lycopene was also reduced in PDem compared to AD (p<0.001) and VaD (p<0.001). Antioxidant levels in PD were not depleted. No significant change in TAC was seen in any group. The reduction in plasma chain-breaking antioxidants in patients with dementia may reflect an increased free-radical activity, and a common role in cognitive impairment in these conditions. Increased free-radical activity in VaD and PDem could be associated with concomitant AD pathology. Individual antioxidant changes are not reflected in TAC.

Address correspondence to Dr A.P. Passmore, Department of Geriatric Medicine, The Queen's University of Belfast, Whitla Medical Building, 97 Lisburn Road, Belfast BT9 7BL


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