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QJM 2004 97(10):663-669; doi:10.1093/qjmed/hch109
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QJM vol. 97 no. 10 © Association of Physicians 2004; all rights reserved.

GOAL: a simplified mental test for emergency medical admissions

M.C. Allison, A. Kontoyannis, D. Durai, G.I. Turner and D.L. Fone1

From the Department of Adult Medicine, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport, Gwent, and 1Department of Epidemiology, Statistics and Public Health, University of Wales College of Medicine, Cardiff, UK

Received 10 February 2004 and in revised form 4 June 2004

Background: Several scoring systems are used in screening for cognitive impairment, but none are suited to the busy medical assessment environment.

Aim: To construct, validate and assess the reliability of a simple scale (Gwent Orientation and Awareness Listing, GOAL) for this purpose, and to examine its application in consecutive emergency admissions in two general hospitals.

Design: Prospective cohort studies.

Methods: The validity and reliability of GOAL was assessed in three studies of patients aged ≥65 years who had been pronounced medically fit for discharge. The evaluation studies were carried out over 4-week medical intake periods in each participating hospital.

Results: Correlation of GOAL with the standard 30-point Mini-Mental State Examination was 0.89, and the inter-observer reliability was 0.90. Based on Receiver Operating Characteristics Curves, patients scoring <8 on GOAL were deemed to be cognitively impaired. Assessment by GOAL took half the time required for the widely used Abbreviated Mental Test Score. Of 1037 consecutive patients admitted to two hospitals' acute medical intakes and remaining for >24 h, 952 were able and willing to be scored by GOAL, and of these 201 (21%) ‘failed’, with a score of <8.

Discussion: Loss of orientation and awareness is common among patients admitted via medical intakes. GOAL is a practical brief screen for identifying and following-up these patients.

Address correspondence to Dr M.C. Allison, Consultant Physician, Royal Gwent Hospital, Newport NP20 2UB. e-mail: miles.allison{at}gwent.wales.nhs.uk


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